COMMENTARY The “3T’s ” Road Map to Transform US Health Care The “How ” of High-Quality

THE ONGOING SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT IN BASIC SCI-ence and clinical discovery in the United States con-tinues to produce impressive results. However, theUnited States struggles to deliver high-quality care and improved health outcomes due to the systematic failure of discoveries to reach patients in a timely fashion.1,2 Despite expenditures that reached $2 trillion ormore than $6000 per capita in 2005,3 the United States will continue to fail to fully leverage new clinical discoveries into improved health out-comes unless there is an accelerated transformation of the health care system.4 The research enterprise cannot achieve this alone. We propose a model to transform the US health care system(FIGURE), intended to accelerate the pace atwhich innovations are implemented in clinical settings by address-ing the “how ” of health care delivery. Overview of the 3T’s Road Map Basic science and its translation into clinical research (trans-lation 1 or T1) are only the beginning of the journey to